#4 Unethical Practices followed by Denis and Semmelweis

After going through the text, we realized all the troubles and hardship that Denis and Semmelweis had to overcome. Though they had different way of gathering a information. And on their way to gather information, they made lots of ethical breaches and followed unethical research practice.

Animal poaching in Africa.

Armand Denis indirectly supported animal hunting and poaching. No animals should be hurt during a research. Armand Denis also bribed to collect information. There are two instances where Armand Denis bribed people.

He promised Pigneys with Tobacco in order to get information and to convince them to help him in his hunt of elephant king.
Also in order to get the skull of that elephant, which was supposed to have four tusks, he had to promise the "African" guy with stuffs like Flash light and other things.

On the other hand, Semmelweis treated pregnant women as test subjects. He subjected healthy women for his experimental verification. He was trying to verify whether the childbed fever was caused by un-washed hands. Physicians in that hospital were exposing the infection, unknowingly, to the women in labor. They were not washing their hands after performing autopsy. That was how they acted as a carrier of the infection.

Experiments being conducted on human.

Even if they were doing research to get to a conclusion, they happen to do ethical breaches and followed unethical research practices.

Image Source : Internet

Comments

#7 The author uses appropriate style in rendering his characters. Elucidate with refrence to any two instances.

We are only able to sync with a story through its characters. The appropriate character building is one of the major aspect needed to convey the message of the story. Chekhov has presented many themes in this drama only through two characters and has used appropriate style in rendering them relevant to the plot. The first instance is the character built of major protagonist Svetlovidov. The major theme of the story revolves around old age , regret , reminiscence and acceptance of fate. Svetlovidov has shown all behavior and characteristics expected of an old aged, abandoned dramatist. He shows rage towards the quick fleeing nature of time and youth. The author used the opportunity of drunkenness of svetlovidov to add various facets of emotion in the story. The incoherent monologue of a drunk person, the weakness and loneliness that comes with old age, the shift of tone along with the shift in emotions and the gradual acceptance of whims of life are the components of svetlovidovs...

#6 Essay on an issue presented in the four tusked elephant following the structure outlined by Toulmin.

Animal hunting and poaching is a serious crime. As seen in Armand Denis’ The four-Tusked Elephant, if a person is determined to do something for his sake, whatever the way is, he will end up doing it. Many animals may have lost lives for his search for the Four-Tusked elephant. The constitutions of different countries grants protection to these animals. And for the people trying to poach these animals, the constitutions grant severe punishment, which is imprisonment or fine. Some of the countries even grants death penalty for the person trying to defy Animal Protection Act. Source www.elephantjournal.com We can see lot of newspaper article quoting “Twelve people arrested with five tiger-skins” or “People trying to cross border with 15 Rhino horns taken into custody”. People risk their lives to kill animals and sell these animals’ body parts for money. The international market offer huge amount of money to tempt these peoples. Even with these strict rules, it i...

#11 Write an essay using Toulmin's model on an appropriate topic based on your reading of ' Keeping Errors at Bay'.

Errors can be prevented by making an unprejudiced observation Image source: Google Most of the errors can be prevented by making an unprejudiced observation ( Claim and Qualifier ). People are often prejudiced about something and they think their view is the right one despite being illogical. This makes them biased towards a particular way of thinking and blind to other aspects. They are prone to commit more errors than others. A conversation with an alcoholic gave me insight to how the mind of a prejudiced person works. As I was telling him about the disadvantages of drinking, he began to snap back the pleasure he felt while he was high. He was not ready to listen any of my advice and suggestion. He was firmly believed that there are more advantages to drinking than disadvantages. It felt almost impossible to change his mind on that aspect. He was indeed committing error, albeit the one having health consequences. But this error could co...

Sailesh Dahal's Blog

Search This Blog